噛ミング30学習による小学生の咀嚼の習慣と口腔内状態に関する介入研究

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between chewing behavior and oral conditions in elementary school children based on an intervention study. The subjects were allocated into an intervention group (5th grade students, n=81) and a control group (5th grade students, n=39) in 2 elementary schools in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Eating habits were self-reported using a questionnaire in both groups. The PMA index (Schour-Massler index) of each subject in the intervention group was assessed. The school lunch program “Chewing 30” was performed 5 times per year using a chewing counter. After the completion of the program, a significant difference in behavior change regarding “sufficient chewing” was observed between the intervention and control groups (p<0.01). The participants in the intervention group were sub-divided into 2 groups based on the change of “sufficient chewing”. The PMA index of the non-improved group significantly increased (p<0.05), while that of the improved group showed no significant difference. These results suggest an association between insufficient chewing behavior and gingival inflammation in elementary school children. The program “Chewing 30” might be effective to prevent gingival inflammation in addition to promoting sufficient chewing.　本研究では，小学生の咀嚼習慣と口腔内状態との関連性を介入研究にて調査することを目的とした． 　徳島県内にある2つの小学校のうち，1校の5年生（81名）を介入群とし，他校の5年生（39名）をコントロール群として，食習慣に関する保健調査を実施した．介入群では，児童それぞれのPMA index（Schour-Massler index）を評価した．さらに，1年間を通して計5回学校給食時に咀嚼計を用いた「噛ミング30学習」を実施した． 　介入終了後，“よく嚙む” 項目においてコントロール群と介入群では有意な差が認められた（p<0.01）．“よく嚙む” 項目の変化の有無により，介入群を2つのグループに分類した．“よく嚙む” 項目の非改善群ではPMA index中央値が有意に増加していた（p<0.05）が，改善群ではPMA index中央値の増加は認められなかった． 　これらの結果は，小学生において，不十分な咀嚼習慣と歯肉の炎症に関連性があることを示している．「噛ミング30学習」は，よく嚙むことを促すだけでなく，歯肉炎の予防にも効果がある可能性が示唆された

ISO 23494: Biotechnology - Provenance Information Model for Biological Specimen and Data

Exchange of research data and samples in biomedical research has become a common phenomenon demanding for their effective quality assessment. At the same time, several reports address reproducibility of research, where history of biological samples (acquisition, processing, transportation, storage, and retrieval) and data history (data generation and processing) defines their fitness for purpose, and hence their quality. The project aims at developing a comprehensive W3C PROV based provenance information standard intended for the biomedical research domain. The standard is being developed by the working group 5 ("data processing and integration") of the ISO (International Standardisation Organisation) technical committee 276 "biotechnology". The outcome of the project will be published in parts as international standards or technical specifications. The poster informs about the goals of the standardisation activity, presents the proposed structure of the standards, briefly describes its current state and outlines its future development and open issues

チイキ コウレイシャ トノ フクシ タイケン ガクシュウ ノ キョウイク コウカ ト チイキ コウケン ジギョウ トシテノ ヒョウカ

本研究の目的は，地域高齢者との福祉体験学習における学生への教育効果と、地域貢献事業としての評価をすることである。徳島大学歯学部では，医療人を志すものとしての自覚を持つことを目的とした取り組みを県内16カ所の施設で合計28回実施した。これは，学生が口腔保健指導「お口の健康長寿教室」において，高齢者を対象とした口腔機能訓練の補助者として体験学習するものである。学習後のレポートから， 到達目標とした地域貢献の在り方や歯科専門職としての役割を認識する学生が多くを占めた。一方，地域貢献事業として評価するため，参加職員への調査を行った結果，利用者への役立ちに加え，多くの施設職員の理解も深まったとのアンケート結果が得られた。以上から，本取り組みは学生への教育目標「医療人としての自覚を持つ」に沿った成果が得られており，また，施設職員の口腔機能向上プ口グラムへの盤解の深まりから，今後の継続が期待される。The purose of this study is to evaluate the educational effect by the welfare-experience learning program with aged people in community，and to evaluate this program as the regional contribution. This program is to aim at having a consciousness of becoming the dental professional in the University of Tokushima，Faculty of Dentistry，and they were carried out with 16 institutions (a total of 28 times).This program makes students accompany the oral health guidance"long-life oral healthy classroom"，and they carried out the experience study as on auxiliary person of the variaus functional oral-training for elderly people.By the investigation of the student's report, there are students who recognized the achievement objectives which are roles of the way concerning regional contribution as dental professionals in community. On the other hand，the questionnaire to the participating persoonnel was conducted in order to evalaote this program as the regional contrtbution. As a result，this program is useful to elderly people and the understanding of institution personnel is also deepened this practice. As mentioned above，the result of having is suitable for the educational goal "to have a consciousness of becoming the dental professional". Furthermore，this program was considered that future continuation is also expected by deepening of an understanding to the personnel's functional oral-training program

Towards a Common Standard for Data and Specimen Provenance in Life Sciences

The exchange of biological material and data has become an issue of major importance for research in biotechnology. At the same time, many reports indicate problems with quality, trustworthiness and reproducibility of research results, mainly due to poor documentation of data generation or collection of samples. Consequently, there is an urgent need for improved and standardized documentation of data and specimen used in research studies. In response to these issues, we are developing a provenance information standard for the biotechnology domain within the ISO Technical Committee 276 “Biotechnology”. The major objectives of the standard, now registered as ISO/WD 23494, are improved reproducibility of research results, enabling the assessment of the quality of biological samples and data, traceability and higher reliability of observations. We are convinced that the standardization project is of substantial interest to a broader audience, who we would also invite to comment and contribute to this comprehensive effort.Manuscript under consideration

IL-17Aは赤痢アメーバの腸管感染においてIFN-γ/IL-4比の減少と持続感染に寄与する

Amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica, an anaerobic protozoan parasite, and is a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene. Th1 responses, represented by interferon gamma (IFN-γ), play a protective role by clearing the amebae from the gut, whereas Th2 responses are responsible for chronic infection. Th17 responses preconditioned by vaccination or by modulating the intestinal microbiome protect mice from the settlement of E. histolytica. However, the role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A), which is upregulated during the natural course of intestinal amebiasis, has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-17A during intestinal amebiasis in a mouse model. IL-17A knockout and wild-type CBA/J mice were challenged intracecally with 2 × 106 E. histolytica trophozoites, and their infection, pathology, and immune responses were monitored. Neither the initial settlement of E. histolytica nor the inflammation of the cecum was affected by the absence of IL-17A for week 1, but the infection rate and parasite burden declined in a late stage of infection, accompanied by an increased IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. Therefore, IL-17A contributes to the persistence of E. histolytica and modulates the immune response, including the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, which may be responsible for the reduction of the parasite burden in the IL-17A knockout mice during the chronic phase of intestinal amebiasis.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1005号 学位授与年月日:平成29年12月6日Author: Sharmina Deloer, Risa Nakamura, Mihoko Kikuchi, Taeko Moriyasu, Yombo Dan Justin Kalenda, Eman Sayed Mohammed, Masachika Senba, Yoichiro Iwakura, Hiroki Yoshida, Shinjiro HamanoCitation: Parasitology International, 66(6), pp.817-823; 2017Nagasaki University (長崎大学)課程博

Jaw Laterality and Related Handedness in the Hunting Behavior of a Scale-Eating Characin, Exodon paradoxus

BACKGROUND: Asymmetry in animal bodies and behavior has evolved several times, but our knowledge of their linkage is limited. Tanganyikan scale-eating cichlids have well-known antisymmetry in their bodies and behavior; individuals open their mouths leftward (righty) or rightward (lefty), and righties always attack the right flank of the prey, whereas lefties attack the left. This study analyzed the morphological asymmetry in a scale-eating characiform, Exodon paradoxus, and its behavioral handedness. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Each eight E. paradoxus was observed for 1-h with a prey goldfish in an aquarium to detect the behavioral handedness. Following the experiment, the lateral differences in the mandibles and head-inclination of these eight and ten additional specimens were analyzed. Both measurements on the morphology showed a bimodal distribution, and the laterality identified by these two methods was always consistent within a given individual, indicating that the characin has morphological antisymmetry. Furthermore, this laterality significantly corresponded to behavioral handedness; that is, lefties more often rasped scales from the right flank of the prey and vice versa. However, the correlation between laterality and handedness is the opposite of that in the cichlids. This is due to differences in the feeding apparatus and technique. The characin has cuspids pointing forward on the external side of the premaxilla, and it thrusts its dominant body side outward from its body axis on the flank of the prey to tear off scales. By contrast, the cichlids draw their dominant body side inward toward the axis or rotate it to scrape or wrench off scales with the teeth lined in the opened mouth. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that the antisymmetry in external morphology and the corresponding behavioral handedness have evolved in two lineages of scale-eating fishes independently, and these fishes adopt different utilization of their body asymmetry to tear off scales

Effect of adding mass to rotor on in-plane squeal in automotive disc brake

This study experimentally examined disc brake-generated inplane squeal by looking at vibration modes. The in-plane squeal was determined to be closely related to both the out-of-plane squeal that has directionality caused by Coulomb friction and the in-plane squeal caused by dry friction. The characteristics of in-plane squeal were also analytically investigated using a concentrated mass model formed by connected massless beams, and the relationship between mass added to the rotor and squeal suppression was clarified